- Cephalexin 250 mg capsule 1×4 or 500 mg capsule 1×2
- Panadol cold and flu 1-2 tablet 2 times daily
- Dalman 50mcg/dose nasal spray 2 sprays in each nostril once a day
Cephalexin
Dosage Forms & Strengths:
- 250mg capsule, 500mg capsule , 1g tablet, 125mg/5ml suspension, 250mg/5ml suspension
Trade names :
- Lexin, Cephadar, Unilexin, Keflex, Pharmexin, Flexin
Therapeutic indication and dose :
Genitourinary Tract Infections
- 250 mg PO q6hr; dosage range, 1-4 g/day in divided doses
Bone Infections
- 250 mg PO q6hr; dosage range, 1-4 g/day in divided doses
Uncomplicated Cystitis
- 250 mg PO q6hr or 500 mg PO q12hr; dosage range, 1-4 g/day in divided doses
Otitis Media
- 250 mg PO q6hr; dosage range, 1-4 g/day in divided doses
Skin/Skin Structure Infections
- 250 mg PO q6hr or 500 mg PO q12hr; dosage range, 1-4 g/day in divided doses
Respiratory Tract Infections
- 250 mg PO q6hr; dosage range, 1-4 g/day in divided doses
Streptococcal Pharyngitis
- 250 mg PO q6hr or 500 mg PO q12hr; dosage range, 1-4 g/day in divided doses
Cellulitis and Mastitis
- 500 mg PO q6hr; dosage range, 1-4 g/day in divided doses 500 mg PO q6hr for 7 days
Contraindications:
- Allergy to the cephalosporins group of antibiotics
- Cephalosporins should be given with caution to penicillin-sensitive patients, as there is some evidence of partial cross-allergenicity between the penicillins and the cephalosporins.
- Cefalexin is contraindicated in patients with acute porphyria.
Pregnancy: Caution should be exercised when prescribing for the pregnant patient.
Breastfeeding:
- The excretion of cefalexin in human breast milk increased up to 4 hours following a 500mg dose. Caution should be exercised when cefalexin is administered to a nursing mother, possible effects to the infant include modification of bowel flora.
Side effects:
- Pseudomembranous colitis
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Diarrhea
- Dyspepsia and abdominal pain
Panadol cold and flu
Ingredients:
- Active Ingredients: Paracetamol 500 mg, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride 30 mg, Chlorphenamine Maleate 2 mg.
- Other non-active ingredients: Silicon dioxide, Stearic acid, Sodium benzoate, Povidone, Pregelatinised starch, Maize starch, Talc.
used for:
- This product consists of three active ingredients: paracetamol, chlorpheniramine and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride.
- Paracetamol is a medication that belongs to a class of medications known as analgesics (pain relievers) and antipyretics (fever reducers).
- Chlorpheniramine is an antihistamine that acts by decreasing the effects of histamine in your body and therefore helps in relieving allergy signs and symptoms, like, sneezing, watery eyes, itching, and runny nose.
- Pseudoephedrine is a medication that belongs to a class of medicines known as “decongestants” and acts by decreasing nasal stuffiness that you may experience during cold and flu.
- It is used for the night time relief from cold and flu symptoms.
It is used for the relief of the following indications:
- Headache
- Congestion and sinus pain
- Sneezing
- Body aches
- Itchy and watery eyes
- Blocked and runny nose
- Fever
Contraindication:
- In allergy to Paracetamol, or Chlorpheniramine, or Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride, other antihistamines or any of the ingredients in this medicine.
- In taking other paracetamol containing products or other antihistamines or cough or cold and flu medications or decongestants. Make sure not to exceed the dose.
- In high blood pressure or severe kidney or heart problems.
Possible side effects:
- allergic reaction, like rash and itching, signs of breathing problems like difficulty breathing.
- Other side effects include drowsiness or sleepiness, difficulty sleeping, fatigue, headache, hallucinations, twitching or jerking muscles, nervousness, blurred vision, difficulty concentrating, excitability, dizziness, nausea, indigestion or vomiting, restlessness, dry mouth nose and throat, rapid heart rate, loss of coordination, nervousness and irritability.
Dose:
Adults and children aged 12 years and over:
- 1 to 2 tablets every 4 to 6 hours as needed. not to exceed 8 tablets within 24 hours.
- not more than 4 doses in 24 hours. Doses should be spaced by at least 4 hours.
Children under 12 years:
- not given to children below 12 years of age.
Corticosteroids nasal spray (Fluticasone)
Available forms:
- Flixonase, Rhinase, Dalman, Avamys, Aierxem: 50mcg/dose
Indications:
corticosteroid indicated for the management of thenasal symptoms of perennial nonallergic rhinitis in adult and pediatric patients
aged 4 years and older.
Dose:
For intranasal use only. Recommended starting dosages:
- Adults: 2 sprays per nostril once daily (200 mcg per day).
- Adolescents and children aged 4 years and older: 1 spray per nostril oncedaily (100 mcg per day).
In Emergency room:
- Give antipyretic:
- Perflgan 1g/100ml intravenous injection :
Dose:
Pediatrics:
- <10kg : 0 .75ml/kg
- >10kg , <50kg : 1.5ml/kg
- >50kg : 100ml Slowly over 15 minute
Adult:
- 100ml Slowly over 15 minute
OR
- Diclofenac sodium injection 75 mg/3ml intramuscular injection :
Dose:
Pediatrics:
- > 1year : 1ml/20kg every 12 hour .
Adult:
- 25 to 75 mg(1-3ml) depending on the severity pain.
- If the pain still severe, you may decide to give a second injection after 6 hours.
- Give Antibiotic:
- Lincomycin 600mg/2ml
Dose:
Pediatrics:
- IV: 10-20 mg/kg/day divided q8-12hr
- IM: 10 mg/kg q12-24hr
Adult:
- IM: 600 mg q12-24hr
- IV: 600-1000 mg q8-12hr; not to exceed 8 g/day
OR
- Ceftriaxone injection
Dose:
Pediatrics:
- 50 mg/kg IM in single dose; not to exceed 1 g
Adult:
- 50 mg/kg IM once
- Persistent or treatment failures: 50 mg/kg IV/IM for 3 days
- Give Antihistamine In sneezing and rhinorrhea :
- Allerfin 10mg/ml IM injection :
Dose:
- 1-5 year : 25-5mg (½ ml )
- 6-12 year: 5-10mg (1ml )
- Adult : 10-20 mg (1-2 ml )
Acute sinusitis
Presentation :
- Purulent nasal discharge
- Nasal congestion or obstruction
- Facial congestion or fullness
- Facial pain or pressure
- Decreased sense of smell
- Fever
- Headache
- Ear pain
- fullness; halitosis; dental pain; cough; fatigue
Examination:
- Purulent nasal secretions
- Purulent posterior pharyngeal secretions
- Mucosal erythema
- Tenderness overlying sinuses
Lines of management :
- Antipyretics
- Antibiotics
- Symptomatic treatment:
- In nasal obstruction : use nasal decongestant
- In excessive secretions and sneezing : use antihistamine
- If not respond : Intranasal Corticosteroids :
- Helpful in reducing mucosal swelling of inflamed tissue and facilitating sinus drainage because of an anti-inflammatory effect